Incident reporting schemes have long been part of organizational safetymanagement
programs, especially in sectors like civil aviation, the chemical
process industry, and, more recently, rail transport and in a few health care
domains, such as anaesthesiology, pharmacies, and transfusion medicine. In this
paper, we define incidents as all safety-related events, including accidents (with
negative outcomes, such as damage and injury), near misses (situations in which
accidents could have happened if there had been no timely and effective recovery),
and dangerous situations.
But do reporting schemes capture a representative sample of actual events?
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